Vegetable planting calendar for Madison, WI

Use this free 2026 schedule without an account. Compare calculated planting windows, then carry the same frost dates into the planner and adjust them for your garden.

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Planning year

Season

Find a crop

What can I start indoors, and what can I plan for a second crop?

The calendar separates planting methods rather than assigning one date to every crop. Use the fall view to compare supported second-crop windows, while allowing for soil readiness and variety maturity.

The station’s spring-to-fall frost interval is 162 days in 2026. This is not a guaranteed growing season for every crop. The schedule includes only the annual crops available in the free planner.

Explore lettuce - leaf in Madison

Onion Sets

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 22 – Aug 15
Fall sow: May 19 – Jun 2
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 7 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 80-120 days. Plant sets early once soil can be worked.

Peas

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: May 14 – Jun 7
Fall sow: Jul 13 – Jul 27
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 6 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 55-65 days. As soon as soil can be worked / thaws.

Spinach

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 13
Transplant: Mar 20 – Apr 10
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 10
Spring harvest estimate: Apr 29 – Jun 9
Fall sow: Jul 18 – Aug 1
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 27 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 40-60 days. Cool soil; avoid hot soil for germination.

Cabbage

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 6
Transplant: Apr 3
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jun 12
Fall sow: Jul 8 – Jul 22
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 6 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-70 days. Usually transplanted.

Cauliflower

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 17
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 6 – Jun 11
Fall sow: Jul 23 – Aug 6
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 11 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50-55 days. Usually transplanted.

Radish

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Apr 28 – May 27
Fall sow: Aug 7 – Aug 21
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 1 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 25-40 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Turnip

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 23 – Jun 16
Fall sow: Jul 18 – Aug 1
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 6 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50-60 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Beets

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 10 – Apr 24
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 9 – Jun 28
Fall sow: Jul 13 – Jul 27
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 11 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-65 days. When soil reaches about 45 °F.

Potatoes

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 17 – Apr 24
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 6 – Aug 22
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 80-120 days. Plant seed pieces early in cool soil.

Broccoli

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jul 6
Fall sow: Jun 28 – Jul 12
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 27 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Usually transplanted.

Lettuce - Leaf

Start indoors: Feb 27 – Mar 13
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 10
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 13 – May 25
Fall sow: Aug 2 – Aug 16
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 11 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 40-45 days. Cool-season direct sow works well.

Carrots

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 27 – Apr 10
Spring harvest estimate: May 31 – Jun 19
Fall sow: Jul 8 – Jul 22
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 11 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 65-70 days. Direct sow; keep seedbed moist.

Swiss Chard

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 17 – Apr 24
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 6 – Jun 13
Fall sow: Jul 28 – Aug 11
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 16 – Sep 30

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50 days. Can be direct sown or transplanted.

Green Beans - Bush

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 1 – May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 15 – Jul 4
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 55°F. Maturity: 45-50 days. After frost / when soil is warm.

Sweet Corn

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 1 – May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 5 – Aug 3
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 65-80 days. When soil warms to about 60 °F.

Cucumbers

Start indoors: Apr 17 – Apr 24
Transplant: May 8 – May 15
Direct sow: May 8 – May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 27 – Jul 14
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 50-60 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Squash - Summer

Start indoors: Apr 17 – Apr 24
Transplant: May 15
Direct sow: May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 9 – Jul 19
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 55-65 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Melons

Start indoors: Apr 17 – Apr 24
Transplant: May 15
Direct sow: May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Aug 8 – Sep 12
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 85-120 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Peppers

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 6
Transplant: May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 24 – Aug 3
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 70-80 days. Best as transplants in short seasons.

Tomatoes

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 8 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 7 – Aug 8
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 60-85 days. Best as transplants in short seasons.

Okra

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 15 – May 22
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 9 – Jul 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 55-65 days. When soil is warm, about 70 °F.

Pumpkins

Start indoors: Apr 17 – Apr 24
Transplant: May 15
Direct sow: May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 29 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 75-100 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Basil

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 30 – Aug 3
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. After frost when soil is warm (65 °F+).

Cilantro

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 17 – Jun 15
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 30-45 (leaf) days. Cool soil; bolts quickly in heat.

Parsley

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 6
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 12 – Jul 16
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Slow to germinate; keep seedbed moist.

Dill

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: May 1 – May 8
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 10 – Jul 7
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 40-60 (leaf) days. Direct sow preferred.

Thyme

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost; slow grower.

Oregano

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost.

Sage

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost.

Rosemary

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost; tender perennial treated as annual in cold zones.

Chives

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 16 – Jul 20
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool soil.

Tarragon

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost; usually from cuttings.

Lemon Balm

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 30 – Aug 3
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool to warm soil.

Bok Choy

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 1 – Jun 30
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 45-60 days. Cool-season crop.

Napa Cabbage

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 12 – Jul 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 70-80 days. Usually transplanted.

Tatsoi

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 27 – Jun 20
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 40-50 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Mizuna

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 27 – Jun 20
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 40-50 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Arugula

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 17 – Jun 15
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 30-45 days. Cool soil; fast grower.

Mustard Greens

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: Apr 17 – May 1
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 27 – Jun 20
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 40-50 days. Cool soil.

Collard Greens

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jul 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Usually transplanted.

Endive

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jul 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool soil.

Escarole

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jul 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool soil.

Garlic

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: Nov 15 – Nov 29
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 240 (fall planted) days. Plant cloves in fall or very early spring.

Leeks

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 6
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 12 – Aug 15
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Transplant preferred for best size.

Shallots

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 28 – Aug 1
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Plant sets early.

Green Onions (Scallions)

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jul 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Succession sow every 2 weeks.

Parsnips

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 28 – Aug 1
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Direct sow; slow to germinate.

Rutabaga

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 22 – Jul 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Celeriac

Start indoors: Feb 20 – Mar 6
Transplant: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 12 – Aug 15
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Transplant preferred.

Daikon Radish

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: May 23 – Jun 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50-70 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Salsify

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 28 – Aug 1
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Direct sow; slow to germinate.

Lima Beans

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 8 – May 22
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 17 – Aug 20
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 65°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. After frost when soil is warm (65 °F+).

Chickpeas

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 17 – May 1
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 16 – Aug 19
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 90-110 days. As soon as soil can be worked.

Lentils

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 22 – Jul 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. As soon as soil can be worked.

Fava Beans

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: May 29 – Jul 2
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Very early spring; cold tolerant.

Tomatillo

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 8 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 17 – Aug 13
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Best as transplants.

Ground Cherry

Start indoors: Mar 6 – Mar 20
Transplant: May 8 – May 15
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 17 – Aug 13
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Best as transplants.

Luffa (Sponge Gourd)

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: May 15 – May 22
Direct sow: May 15 – May 22
Spring harvest estimate: Aug 23 – Sep 19
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 70°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Warm soil (70 °F+).

Clover

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jun 16
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Early spring as cover crop.

Hairy Vetch

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: May 19 – Jun 2
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Fall or early spring cover crop.

Field Peas (Cover Crop)

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Spring harvest estimate: May 19 – Jun 2
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Early spring or fall.

Mustard (Cover Crop)

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 3 – Apr 17
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 2 – Jun 16
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Early spring or fall.

Marigold

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: May 1 – May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 30 – Jul 24
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 60-70 (flowers) days. After frost.

Nasturtium

Start indoors: Mar 20 – Apr 3
Transplant: May 1 – May 15
Direct sow: May 1 – May 15
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 20 – Jul 24
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 55°F. Maturity: 50-70 (flowers) days. After frost.

Local reading: University of Wisconsin guidance on salad greens.

Where these dates come from

Frost reference: May 1 in spring; Oct 10 in fall. MADISON DANE RGNL AP, WI US (USW00014837), 1991–2020 NOAA normals, 50% probability at 32°F. The selected representative station is 5.6 miles from the city reference point; it is not a measurement at your garden.

Source retrieved 2026-10-10. Calculation build: 2026-10-10 UTC. Selected planning year: 2026. Autumn buffer: 10 days. Planting and harvest windows use the same crop offsets and maturity ranges as the free planner.

50% probability frost normals are estimates, not frost-safe planting guarantees.
These are 1991–2020 normals, not live weather or current soil temperatures.
Local elevation, exposure and soil readiness can change planting decisions.
Harvest windows use crop maturity ranges and do not guarantee a fall harvest.