Vegetable planting calendar for Denver, CO

Use this free 2026 schedule without an account. Compare calculated planting windows, then carry the same frost dates into the planner and adjust them for your garden.

Open Denver in the free planner

Planning year

Season

Find a crop

Which vegetables should I start indoors, and which can I sow outside?

A city calendar cannot describe every elevation, shaded bed or exposed site. Compare the frost-based windows with the crop’s soil requirement, and adjust dates for conditions at your own garden.

The station’s spring-to-fall frost interval is 157 days in 2026. This is not a guaranteed growing season for every crop. The schedule includes only the annual crops available in the free planner.

Explore tomatoes in Denver

Onion Sets

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 25 – Aug 18
Fall sow: May 17 – May 31
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 5 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 80-120 days. Plant sets early once soil can be worked.

Peas

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: May 17 – Jun 10
Fall sow: Jul 11 – Jul 25
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 4 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 55-65 days. As soon as soil can be worked / thaws.

Spinach

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 16
Transplant: Mar 23 – Apr 13
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 13
Spring harvest estimate: May 2 – Jun 12
Fall sow: Jul 16 – Jul 30
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 25 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 40-60 days. Cool soil; avoid hot soil for germination.

Cabbage

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 9
Transplant: Apr 6
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jun 15
Fall sow: Jul 6 – Jul 20
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 4 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-70 days. Usually transplanted.

Cauliflower

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 20
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 9 – Jun 14
Fall sow: Jul 21 – Aug 4
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 9 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50-55 days. Usually transplanted.

Radish

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 1 – May 30
Fall sow: Aug 5 – Aug 19
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 30 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 25-40 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Turnip

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 26 – Jun 19
Fall sow: Jul 16 – Jul 30
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 4 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50-60 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Beets

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 13 – Apr 27
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 12 – Jul 1
Fall sow: Jul 11 – Jul 25
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 9 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-65 days. When soil reaches about 45 °F.

Potatoes

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 20 – Apr 27
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 9 – Aug 25
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 80-120 days. Plant seed pieces early in cool soil.

Broccoli

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jul 9
Fall sow: Jun 26 – Jul 10
Fall harvest estimate: Aug 25 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Usually transplanted.

Lettuce - Leaf

Start indoors: Mar 2 – Mar 16
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 13
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 16 – May 28
Fall sow: Jul 31 – Aug 14
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 9 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 40-45 days. Cool-season direct sow works well.

Carrots

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 30 – Apr 13
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 3 – Jun 22
Fall sow: Jul 6 – Jul 20
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 9 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 65-70 days. Direct sow; keep seedbed moist.

Swiss Chard

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 20 – Apr 27
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 9 – Jun 16
Fall sow: Jul 26 – Aug 9
Fall harvest estimate: Sep 14 – Sep 28

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50 days. Can be direct sown or transplanted.

Green Beans - Bush

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 4 – May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 18 – Jul 7
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 55°F. Maturity: 45-50 days. After frost / when soil is warm.

Sweet Corn

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 4 – May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 8 – Aug 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 65-80 days. When soil warms to about 60 °F.

Cucumbers

Start indoors: Apr 20 – Apr 27
Transplant: May 11 – May 18
Direct sow: May 11 – May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 30 – Jul 17
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 50-60 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Squash - Summer

Start indoors: Apr 20 – Apr 27
Transplant: May 18
Direct sow: May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 12 – Jul 22
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 55-65 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Melons

Start indoors: Apr 20 – Apr 27
Transplant: May 18
Direct sow: May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Aug 11 – Sep 15
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 85-120 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Peppers

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 9
Transplant: May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 27 – Aug 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 70-80 days. Best as transplants in short seasons.

Tomatoes

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 11 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 10 – Aug 11
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 60-85 days. Best as transplants in short seasons.

Okra

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 18 – May 25
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 12 – Jul 29
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 55-65 days. When soil is warm, about 70 °F.

Pumpkins

Start indoors: Apr 20 – Apr 27
Transplant: May 18
Direct sow: May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Aug 1 – Aug 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 75-100 days. When soil warms to about 70 °F.

Basil

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 3 – Aug 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. After frost when soil is warm (65 °F+).

Cilantro

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 20 – Jun 18
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 30-45 (leaf) days. Cool soil; bolts quickly in heat.

Parsley

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 9
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 15 – Jul 19
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Slow to germinate; keep seedbed moist.

Dill

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: May 4 – May 11
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 13 – Jul 10
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 40-60 (leaf) days. Direct sow preferred.

Thyme

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 23 – Aug 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost; slow grower.

Oregano

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 23 – Aug 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost.

Sage

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 23 – Aug 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost.

Rosemary

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 23 – Aug 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost; tender perennial treated as annual in cold zones.

Chives

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 19 – Jul 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool soil.

Tarragon

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 23 – Aug 26
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. After frost; usually from cuttings.

Lemon Balm

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 3 – Aug 6
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool to warm soil.

Bok Choy

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 4 – Jul 3
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 45-60 days. Cool-season crop.

Napa Cabbage

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 15 – Jul 9
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 70-80 days. Usually transplanted.

Tatsoi

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 30 – Jun 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 40-50 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Mizuna

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 30 – Jun 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 40-50 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Arugula

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 20 – Jun 18
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 30-45 days. Cool soil; fast grower.

Mustard Greens

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: Apr 20 – May 4
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 30 – Jun 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 40-50 days. Cool soil.

Collard Greens

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jul 9
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Usually transplanted.

Endive

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jul 9
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool soil.

Escarole

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jul 9
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Cool soil.

Garlic

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Nov 18 – Dec 2
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 240 (fall planted) days. Plant cloves in fall or very early spring.

Leeks

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 9
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 15 – Aug 18
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Transplant preferred for best size.

Shallots

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 1 – Aug 4
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 35°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Plant sets early.

Green Onions (Scallions)

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jul 9
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 60-80 days. Succession sow every 2 weeks.

Parsnips

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 1 – Aug 4
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Direct sow; slow to germinate.

Rutabaga

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 25 – Jul 29
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Celeriac

Start indoors: Feb 23 – Mar 9
Transplant: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 15 – Aug 18
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 45°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Transplant preferred.

Daikon Radish

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: May 26 – Jun 29
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 50-70 days. Cool-season direct sow.

Salsify

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 1 – Aug 4
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Direct sow; slow to germinate.

Lima Beans

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: May 11 – May 25
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 23
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 65°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. After frost when soil is warm (65 °F+).

Chickpeas

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 20 – May 4
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 19 – Aug 22
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 50°F. Maturity: 90-110 days. As soon as soil can be worked.

Lentils

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 25 – Jul 29
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 80-100 days. As soon as soil can be worked.

Fava Beans

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 1 – Jul 5
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Very early spring; cold tolerant.

Tomatillo

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 11 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 16
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Best as transplants.

Ground Cherry

Start indoors: Mar 9 – Mar 23
Transplant: May 11 – May 18
Direct sow: Not supported by current crop data
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 20 – Aug 16
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 70-90 days. Best as transplants.

Luffa (Sponge Gourd)

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: May 18 – May 25
Direct sow: May 18 – May 25
Spring harvest estimate: Aug 26 – Sep 22
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 70°F. Maturity: 100-120 days. Warm soil (70 °F+).

Clover

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jun 19
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Early spring as cover crop.

Hairy Vetch

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: May 22 – Jun 5
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Fall or early spring cover crop.

Field Peas (Cover Crop)

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Spring harvest estimate: May 22 – Jun 5
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Early spring or fall.

Mustard (Cover Crop)

Start indoors: Not supported by current crop data
Transplant: Not supported by current crop data
Direct sow: Apr 6 – Apr 20
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 5 – Jun 19
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 40°F. Maturity: n/a (cover crop) days. Early spring or fall.

Marigold

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: May 4 – May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Jul 3 – Jul 27
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 60°F. Maturity: 60-70 (flowers) days. After frost.

Nasturtium

Start indoors: Mar 23 – Apr 6
Transplant: May 4 – May 18
Direct sow: May 4 – May 18
Spring harvest estimate: Jun 23 – Jul 27
Fall sow: Not supported by current crop data
Fall harvest estimate: Not supported by current crop data

Soil requirement: 55°F. Maturity: 50-70 (flowers) days. After frost.

Local reading: Colorado State University vegetable planting guide.

Where these dates come from

Frost reference: May 4 in spring; Oct 8 in fall. DENVER-STAPLETON, CO US (USW00023062), 1991–2020 NOAA normals, 50% probability at 32°F. The selected representative station is 6.6 miles from the city reference point; it is not a measurement at your garden.

Source retrieved 2026-10-10. Calculation build: 2026-10-10 UTC. Selected planning year: 2026. Autumn buffer: 10 days. Planting and harvest windows use the same crop offsets and maturity ranges as the free planner.

50% probability frost normals are estimates, not frost-safe planting guarantees.
These are 1991–2020 normals, not live weather or current soil temperatures.
Local elevation, exposure and soil readiness can change planting decisions.
Harvest windows use crop maturity ranges and do not guarantee a fall harvest.